THE 12 PRINCIPLES OF
ANIMATION
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The 12 Principles of Animation were first shared in a 1981 book written by
Disney animators Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas. This worksheet is based on a You Tube video
demonstrating the principles with many examples. The video is created by Alan Becker (user: AlanBeckerTutorials) and can be found at the following
address:
INTRO
1) ______________________________ and
___________________________ are the legendary animators that first described
the 12 principles of animation.
PRINCIPLE #1 - ________________________________
2) An object’s ___________________,
___________________, ___________________ & ___________________ are
emphasized by this principle.
3) A _________________ object should
have more squash and stretch while a _______________
object should have less squash and stretch.
4) Between a water balloon and a
cannonball, which should have more squash and stretch? _________________
5) When using this principle, one must
keep the __________________ of the object consistent. If the height is increased, then the width
should be decreased, and vice versa.
6) True or false? A moving ball should be stretched in the same
direction as the movement.
_______________
7) True or false? A slow moving ball
should be stretch and squashed more than a fast moving ball. ______________
PRINCIPLE #2 -
________________________________
8) This principle helps communicate
actions to the audience by preparing them for the ___________ ___________.
9) True or false? Anticipation is the
addition of an extra minor action to help the viewer anticipate the upcoming
main action. _______________
10) True or false? Anticipation makes it easier for the audience
to follow the action. _____________
11) ________________ actions are two
actions that happen at the same time.
This can be confusing to the viewer if not done correctly.
12) True or false? We can use multiple levels of anticipation by
adding several consecutive extra actions.
While this allows the audience to better understand the action, it does
add considerably more complexity for the animator. ___________
PRINCIPLE #3 - ________________________________
13) This principle is the presentation of
any idea so that it is completely and unmistakably ____________.
14) This principle can apply to many
areas including _________________, _________________, _________________
_________________ & _______________ and ________________.
15) True or false? Staging involves controlling where the
viewers should be focusing on the screen.
_____________
16) True or false? Bad staging is when different elements are
competing for stage presence at the same time causing confusion as to where on
the screen the viewer should focus.
____________
17) True or false? To demonstrate a character’s reaction to an
event, the camera should be far away.
___________
18) True or false? For large action scenes, the camera should be
close up. _____________
19) True or false? The main action in the scene should usually
be in the center or on one of the “third” lines. ___________
20) True or false? If a character is looking to the right side,
that character should usually be placed near the left hand side of the
stage. This usually allows the viewer to
see what the character is looking at.
_____________
21) True or false? After creating the main action in a scene,
the animator should proceed to fill all available space with as much detail and
action possible. ____________
22) Proper ______________ involves making
sure one action is completed before another begins. It might also involve inserting short pauses
between actions.
23) Important text that the viewer needs
to read should be left on screen so that it can be read out loud ___
times.
24) True or false? It is often useful to go over the top in
order to convey a message to the audience.
For example, to show that a character is a fitness guru, one might
insert several random exercises during a normal morning routine. ___________
PRINCIPLE #4 - ________________________________
25) This principle describes two methods
for animating. The first method,
________________ ______________, is when you create the first frame, then the
second, then the third and so on.
26) The second method described by this
principle is named ___________ ______ ___________. In this method, animators draw the first
frame and then the last frame of each main pose and then go back and fill in
the rest later.
27) True or false? Pose to pose animation makes it easier to be
certain that the character’s size doesn’t accidentally change from the
beginning to the end of the action.
______________
28) True or false? Straight ahead animation is best for
animations that are unpredictable such as smoke and explosions. _______________
29) In pose to pose animation, the main
poses (frames) are called _______________ and the secondary poses are called
________________. The remaining poses
are called ________________.
PRINCIPLE #5 - ________________________________
30) True or false? This principle
involves having body parts or clothing drag behind a moving character’s body
and then continue for a little bit after the body stops. ___________
31) This principle, which consists two
closely related techniques, is often associated with another technique called
___________. All three techniques are
very similar.
32) ____________ ____________ deals with
how parts of the character continue to move after the character comes to a
stop.
33) _______________ _______________ deal
with the idea that body parts have a tendency to move at different rates.
34) __________ describes the technique of
delaying the movement of body parts in relation to the main body.
PRINCIPLE #6 - ________________________________
35) This principle refers to the way that
most ______________ should start slowly, build speed and finish slow.
36) True or false? This principle is important to achieve
life-like motion. _____________
37) True or false? It is generally best to have many frames of a
character at the start and end of a movement and less frames in the middle of
that movement. _____________
PRINCIPLE #7 - ________________________________
38) True or false? Most character movements should follow
straight lines. ____________
39) Circular paths are called
___________.
PRINCIPLE #8 - ________________________________
40) True or false? Adding secondary actions to a character adds
more dimension to character.
____________
41) True or false? Secondary actions can completely change the
feel of a primary action. ___________
42) True or false? Secondary action cannot negatively impact the
feel of the primary action. ___________
PRINCIPLE #9 - ________________________________
43) The _______________ and _____________ of an animation is affected by
the number of frames between each main action.
44) True or false? An action will always look like the same
action no matter how many frames exist between the start and end frames. ____________
45) Drawing on every frame is called
______________ _____ ______.
46) Drawing on every second frame is
called ______________ _____ ______.
47) True or false? Drawing on twos as opposed to drawing on ones
cuts the work down in half.
_____________
48) True or false? Drawing on twos can be smoother than drawing
on ones for slow moving animations.
_____________
49) True or false? Drawing on ones is often needed for very fast
motions. _____________
PRINCIPLE #10 - ________________________________
50) True or false? Every action, pose and expression can be
taken to the next level in order to increase the impact on the viewer. _____________
51) True or false? Quick motions often need to be more
exaggerated to be more noticeable.
_____________
52) True or false? When exaggerating, it is important that every
still frame look realistic.
______________
53) True or false? A good rule to follow when trying to figure
out how much exaggeration to use is to keep pushing until you get too far and
then dial it back to where you are happy with the product. ____________
PRINCIPLE #11 - ________________________________
54) This principle is about making sure
that forms feel like they are in ________________ __________________ space
having a volume, weight and balance.
55) True or false? An animator needs to develop the skill of
drawing a character from all different angles.
___________
56) For rectangular objects, animators
should make lines converge to the _______________ _______________ instead of
being parallel.
57) True or false? Animators can build characters using simple
3D shapes such as spheres, cylinders and cubes.
_______________
58) _______________ allows the viewer to
understand how different surfaces meet.
Without this, everything seems to be on a single plane.
59) _______________ is when two opposite body
parts such as arms or legs are doing the exact same thing. This should usually be avoided.
PRINCIPLE #12 - ________________________________
60) This principle states that characters
should be ______________ to look at.
They should somehow be interesting for the viewer to look at.
61) Three steps to increasing the appeal
of a character:
1-_____________________________
2-_____________________________
3-_____________________________