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TCP/IP MODEL SUMMARY NOTE TCP/IP MODEL SUMMARY NOTE The
TCP/IP model uses layering in the same way as the OSI model. It has 4 layers that are named: Network
Access, Internet, Transport and Application.
Note that there is a newer version of the model where the bottom layer
is separated into two layers giving the updated model 5 layers. Below
is a diagram of the TCP/IP model and its different layers:
1 – APPLICATION LAYER The
application layer includes the protocols that are used at the application
level. This includes FTP, HTTP, SMTP
and DNS. 2 – TRANSPORT LAYER This
layer deals with flow control, reliability and error checking. It is at this layer that received data is
verified for corruption. TCP
is a protocol that is connection-oriented (ports are reserved) that is found
at the Transport level. It provides
reliable low-error networking. TCP
separates out-going files in segments.
These segments are used for error checking after they are received. UDP
is another protocol that is found at the Transport level. It is not connection-oriented. 3 – INTERNET LAYER The
main protocol at this layer is IP. Its
purpose involves dividing segments into packets to be sent over the network. The
determination of a best path (routing) also occurs that this level. 4 – NETWORK ACCESS LAYER This
layer includes all of the physical components required for the network. |
